Public Health Pre-Weeding Test 1 (Paper 1)

Disaster harm depends on hazard magnitude, intensity, and frequency.

Pneumothorax (collapsed lung) is a potential immediate complication after thoracentesis due to accidental puncture of the lung.

The broad objective summarizes the overall aim or goal of the study.

Chest pain and dyspnea in a client on TPN suggest a possible embolus (e.g., from catheter-related thrombus or air embolism), which is an emergency.

Edward Jenner developed the first smallpox vaccine in 1796.

If a combined oral contraceptive pill is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered (even if two are taken the same day) to maintain contraceptive efficacy.

Reproductive health commodity security means individuals can choose, obtain, and use quality essential reproductive health products when needed.

Intussusception is a telescoping of one segment of intestine into an adjacent segment, often seen in infants.

A comprehensive health assessment includes a complete medical history, a general survey, and a complete head-to-toe physical assessment.

Episiotomy extension is an unexpected complication of a forceps delivery, making it a nursing diagnosis reflecting an adverse therapy response.

The six rights of supply chain are: right product, quantity, condition, place, time, and cost. “Right consumer” is not one of them.

Lead is toxic and accumulates, causing neurological and developmental harm.

The Copper-T380A IUD is effective for up to 12 years of continuous use.

Android is a mobile operating system; others are desktop OS or not OS.

Physical therapists assess and treat gait impairments, balance, and mobility to reduce fall risk.

Sublingual route provides systemic, not local, effects; it bypasses first-pass metabolism and allows rapid onset/termination.

Oral drugs pass through the liver before systemic circulation, undergoing significant first-pass metabolism.

Research questions are directly derived from and operationalize the research objectives.

Braces (orthodontic treatment) correct malocclusion by gradually moving teeth.

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) performs arithmetic, logic, and data comparison operations.

Stopping the IV flow immediately removes the allergen and prevents further reaction. This is the first priority in anaphylaxis.

SARS = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.

Advocating for healthcare accessibility through political organization is a form of client advocacy at the community/policy level.

The ABCD nutritional assessment includes Anthropometric, Biochemical, Clinical, and Dietary data.

Effective disaster management relies heavily on pre-disaster planning and preparedness.

A byte is typically 8 bits (binary digits).

If the person is coughing forcefully, they have a partial airway obstruction and are moving air. Encouraging coughing is the first intervention before performing the Heimlich maneuver.

Reverse isolation (protective isolation) is used for immunocompromised patients (e.g., leukemia) to protect them from infections.

A simulation is a study designed to imitate or replicate real-world processes or systems.

Hepatitis B is a DNA virus; others listed are RNA viruses.

Field studies are conducted in real-world settings where actual environmental conditions naturally occur.

The gluteus maximus is an acceptable IM site for adults, but verification of the doctor’s order (including site if specified) is a standard safety step before administration.

Pain management (analgesics, hydration, oxygenation) is a primary intervention during a sickle cell crisis to relieve severe pain from vaso-occlusion.

The dependent variable is the outcome or response that the researcher measures and analyzes.

Education and training on all pieces of equipment are essential to ensure staff can use medical equipment safely and properly.

For a comatose, end-of-life client, the priority outcome is comfort: remaining free of pain and distress. Aggressive interventions like enemas or antiemetics are not appropriate.

Operating system (OS) manages hardware/software resources and provides user interface.

The second dose of penicillin can lead to distributive shock.

Biological disasters involve disease outbreaks causing mass illness or death.

An internal disaster occurs within the healthcare facility itself, such as a tornado touching down directly on the facility.

Multimedia integrates multiple content forms like text, audio, images, animation, and video.

The “Ten Rights” typically include Right patient, medication, dose, route, time, documentation, education, assessment, evaluation, and refusal. “Right verification” is not a standard listed right.

Culture media are typically sterilized by autoclaving (moist heat under pressure).

Evaluating effectiveness of a hypertension stress management series is best done by comparing blood pressure readings before, during, and after the series to track changes over time.

Recovery efforts focus on restoring essential services and reconnecting displaced populations.

The introduction sets up the study but does not present findings; findings are reported in the results section.

Time management is the skill most directly linked to prioritizing and completing tasks for multiple clients efficiently.

Purposive sampling involves selecting participants based on specific characteristics relevant to the study.

Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

Using a bedsheet as a restraint is illegal (false imprisonment) and a crime, not a safety measure.

bit = binary digit, the smallest unit of data (0 or 1) in computing.

Data security breaches in healthcare are most often committed by internal staff, not external hackers.

Copper ions in Copper-T IUD have spermicidal effects, preventing fertilization.

DNS = Domain Name System, translating domain names to IP addresses.

RAM is primary/volatile memory; secondary storage includes non-volatile devices like disks and flash drives.

Acute pain is the priority nursing diagnosis in peptic ulcer disease.

Typhoid is water-borne (fecal-oral), not water-washed (hygiene-related).

Risk management primarily aims to reduce financial and legal liability, while performance improvement focuses on process and outcome enhancement.

Inability to breastfeed/drink plus chest indrawing indicates severe pneumonia (or very severe disease) per IMCI guidelines.

In many African health facilities, auxiliary or non-clinical staff often handle supply chain tasks like inventory and distribution.

Combined oral contraceptives (containing estrogen) are not recommended for breastfeeding women before 6 months postpartum due to potential milk supply reduction.

A computer virus is malicious software (malware) that replicates and infects files/programs.

Cancer prevention policies include screening and early detection/treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality.

Boerhaave syndrome is a full-thickness tear of the esophagus due to forceful vomiting.

The prodromal stage is characterized by early, nonspecific symptoms like malaise, fatigue, and mild fever before specific symptoms appear.

Curling ulcer is a stress ulcer following severe burns.

Population is the complete set of all elements (people, items) sharing characteristics of interest to the researcher.

Forecasting, financing, and procurement are all essential capacities for achieving contraceptive security.

Utilitarianism focuses on ethical outcomes (ends), whereas deontology focuses on ethical means.

A 27-year-old sedated male client is at greatest risk for falls due to sedation impairing mobility and awareness.

Real-time video simulates live broadcasting with minimal delay over the internet.

The pad of the finger is not recommended for blood glucose monitoring because it is more sensitive and has fewer capillaries. The side of the finger is preferred.

In dark-skinned individuals, jaundice is best observed in the sclera and mucous membranes.

The vastus lateralis muscle is the preferred IM site for neonates and infants due to its size and absence of major nerves/blood vessels.

ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange, representing characters as numerical values.

The Dimensions Model of Health typically includes Biophysical, Psychological/Emotional, Behavioral, Health Systems, and Social/Environmental dimensions. The Spiritual Dimension is not a standard element.

The correct sequential order of crisis phases is: 4 (use of defense mechanisms), 3 (trying alternative coping), 1 (GAS signs/symptoms), 2 (detachment/disorientation).

Extravasation (vesicant leakage into tissue) intervention includes aspirating any blood/fluid from the IV cannula before removal to assess placement and minimize tissue damage.

Agonists bind to receptors and induce a conformational change, triggering a biological response.

A research topic should indicate location, participants, and variables, but objectives are detailed separately in the proposal.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is most commonly caused by sexually transmitted bacteria like Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis.

www = World Wide Web, the system of interlinked hypertext documents on the internet.

The six rights of supply chain are: right product, quantity, condition, place, time, and cost. “Right customers” is not one of them.

DVD = Digital Versatile Disc (or Digital Video Disc), an optical disc storage format.

During abdominal assessment, deep palpation is performed last to avoid altering findings from earlier steps (inspection, auscultation, percussion, light palpation).

If a combined oral contraceptive pill is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered (even if two are taken the same day) to maintain contraceptive efficacy.

Projective techniques (e.g., word association, picture interpretation) uncover subconscious or hidden thoughts/feelings.

Standard Days Method (using CycleBeads) requires regular menstrual cycles between 26 and 32 days.

Ethics education should cover current bioethical issues, such as genetic engineering, to make content relevant.

The motherboard is the main circuit board connecting all internal components.

During TPN tubing changes, the client should perform the Valsalva maneuver (or hold breath) to increase intrathoracic pressure and reduce the risk of air embolism.

Assessment is the first and most critical step in the nursing process, as it informs all subsequent steps.

During group forming, accommodating others helps reduce conflict and build cohesion.

Physical inactivity, alcohol, and tobacco are major behavioral risk factors for NCDs.

Pericoronal abscess occurs around a partially erupted tooth, often wisdom teeth.

CD-RW stands for Compact Disc Rewritable, a reusable optical storage medium.

IUDs, Depo-Provera injections, and combined oral contraceptives can all cause changes in menstrual bleeding patterns.

Google is a search engine/company; others are operating systems.

Exposure to toxins and mold post-disaster is an environmental health consequence.

For gastric lavage in adults, 200-300 mL of irrigant is typically instilled per cycle; 250 mL is a standard amount.

Microsoft Office is an application suite, not a programming language.

Amylase breaks down starch into sugars.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast causing cryptococcosis, especially in immunocompromised hosts.

Microsoft Windows is an operating system; others are application software.

Pregnancy medication categories C, D, and X indicate increasing risk; categories D and X are contraindicated, and C requires caution.

Lifestyle choices, such as diet, exercise, and smoking, are modifiable risk factors. Genetic predisposition and high-risk behaviors are less directly correctable.

Women, children, and the elderly are often more vulnerable due to social, economic, and physical factors.

Bioavailability is the fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation after administration.

Chronic sialadenitis with intractable pain may require surgical intervention (drainage or excision).

URL = Uniform Resource Locator, the unique address of a resource on the internet.

Placebo effects arise from psychological factors like patient-provider relationship, therapeutic setting, and expectations.

GI assessment focuses on oral/digestive health; confusion is a neurological symptom, not directly GI-related.

Using Naegele’s rule (add 7 days, subtract 3 months): 20/10/2016 + 7 days = 27/10/2016; minus 3 months = 27/07/2017. The closest date is 07/07/2017.

Emergencies are typically manageable by local emergency services; disasters exceed local capacity.

URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a specific web page or resource on the internet.

Establishing trust and a therapeutic relationship is the first step in de-escalation and violence prevention, before considering restrictive interventions.

Secondary intention healing occurs when a wound is left open to heal from the bottom up, which is necessary for contaminated wounds like ruptured appendix with peritonitis.

WAN = Wide Area Network, a network spanning a large geographical area.

Blood type B negative has A agglutinins (antibodies) and lacks the Rh factor. Therefore, the client can receive B- or O- blood, but not A or AB.

Nonprobability sampling does not use random selection and does not aim for statistical representativeness.

Case managers ensure clients receive appropriate level of care to meet clinical needs and reimbursement criteria.

Informed consent is grounded in the principle of self-determination (autonomy), respecting the client’s right to make decisions.

Photographing residents requires informed consent to protect privacy and autonomy, even in social settings.

A computer is an electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes both qualitative and quantitative data.

Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.

LAN (Local Area Network) is used for internal communication within a limited area like an institution.

Experimental studies involve manipulation of independent variables to observe effects on dependent variables under controlled conditions.

Elevating the head of bed to at least 30 degrees during tube feeding reduces aspiration risk.

TB accelerates HIV progression by increasing viral replication and immune activation.

Malpractice requires: duty, breach of duty, causation, foreseeability, harm/damage, and injury (direct or indirect).

Ferrous sulfate (iron) is given via the Z-track technique to prevent staining and ensure intramuscular delivery into the muscle.

Combining multiple service delivery points, community health workers, and out-of-clinic distribution increases family planning accessibility and acceptability.

AEDs are designed for public use with voice prompts and automated analysis, allowing people without healthcare training to use them effectively.

Disasters cause loss of life, property damage, and environmental disruption.

Ortho-toluidine test measures free and combined chlorine in water.

The Schick test is used to determine immunity to diphtheria.

Aspergillus species pose a serious fungal infection risk in immunocompromised patients like bone marrow transplant recipients.

Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) are characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae.

Current CPR guidelines recommend a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2 for adults.

For choking, initial first aid is five back blows between the shoulder blades to dislodge the obstruction.

Progestin-only injectables (like Depo-Provera) are considered safe for breastfeeding women starting at 6 weeks postpartum.

The nurse’s role in informed consent is to witness the client’s signature, not to obtain consent or explain the procedure.

Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy due to theoretical risk to the fetus.

Acute bacterial parotitis in children is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 Megabytes (MB) in binary systems.

Behavioral psychotherapy, such as systematic desensitization or exposure therapy, is most effective for treating phobias by modifying maladaptive behaviors.

Variable interactions can be symmetrical (mutual influence), reciprocal (two-way causal), or asymmetrical (one-way causal).

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of burn wound infections.

Experimental studies, through manipulation, control, and randomization, are designed to establish cause-effect relationships.

Standard keyboards typically have at least 101 keys (including function, numeric, and control keys).

Informed consent is not a required component of a restraint order. Essential components include the reason, type, duration, and client behaviors.

RAM is volatile temporary memory, not permanent storage like a hard disk.

A psychrometer measures relative humidity using wet and dry bulb thermometers.

Spreading the legs apart during a transfer is a correct application of body mechanics to widen the base of support and maintain stability. The preceptor should validate the nurse’s competency.

Mesosomes in bacteria are involved in respiration, cell division, and sporulation.

Superchlorination (high-dose) followed by dechlorination treats heavily polluted water.

Trypsin (from pancreas) breaks down proteins into amino acids in the small intestine.

Hard disk tracks are subdivided into sectors (the smallest storage unit).

A system variance refers to a problem or failure within the healthcare system’s processes, such as inadequate supplies or equipment.

Mail merge allows creating multiple personalized documents (like letters) from a single template and a data source.

Veracity (truthfulness) in nursing involves fully and honestly answering client questions without withholding information.

A monitor is an output device; input devices send data to a computer.

BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is stored in ROM and loads during boot-up.

Sudden pain relief followed by severe pain suggests rupture (peritonitis).

The background of the study is typically written first to establish context before problem statement, literature review, etc.

Systematic sampling is a probability sampling method, not a nonprobability technique.

Delirium (acute confusion) can cause visual hallucinations and fluctuating cognition, often triggered by dehydration and anticholinergic drugs.

Contraceptive implants contain only progestin, making them safe for breastfeeding as estrogen can reduce milk supply.

Madeleine Leininger’s Theory of Cultural Care focuses on transcultural nursing and culturally congruent care.

Phototherapy is often used for hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice). Monitoring stool color (which may turn greenish) helps assess bilirubin excretion.

Standard adult CPR compression-to-ventilation ratio is 30:2.

Combining multiple service delivery points, community health workers, and out-of-clinic distribution increases family planning accessibility and acceptability.

Referring to a compatibility chart or reference is the safest, most reliable method to determine IV medication-fluid compatibility.

The research process is commonly divided into 5 phases: conceptual, design, empirical, analytic, and dissemination.

Individual and community resilience is essential for long-term recovery after a disaster, beyond external aid.

Forecasting, financing, and procurement are all essential capacities for achieving contraceptive security.

Psychological dependence (cravings, emotional reliance) is described when the client continues use to avoid negative emotional states, not just physical withdrawal.

Descriptive studies describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon (who, what, when, where, how much) without establishing causality.

Media play a crucial role in disseminating warnings and information for disaster prevention.

Short interpregnancy intervals (<18 months) are associated with increased risks of low birth weight and preterm birth.

Opioid agonists like Dilaudid (hydromorphone) commonly cause constipation as a side effect.

Teaching the wife about Alzheimer’s progression and promoting the husband’s independence helps maintain his dignity and prevents caregiver burnout, while acknowledging her limitations.

A history of childhood abuse in one partner is a strong risk factor for domestic violence, especially during pregnancy when stress and vulnerability increase.

The Access Framework components are Availability, Accessibility, Affordability, and Acceptability. Quality Assurance is not one of them.

Prolapsed stoma (protrusion of bowel through stoma) is a potential complication of colostomy requiring client education.

Newborns not needing resuscitation are typically term, breathing/crying, and have good muscle tone.

Research hypotheses predict expected relationships or differences between variables.

SO? is a key indicator of industrial air pollution (e.g., from fossil fuels).

Teaching the client about proper cane length (should allow a 15-30 degree elbow bend) promotes safety and independence, rather than removing their mobility aid.

A prosthetist designs, fits, and adjusts artificial limbs (prosthetics) for clients after amputation.

The five Rights of Supervision are: Right task, Right circumstances, Right person, Right direction/communication, and Right supervision/feedback.

Bluetooth short-range wireless technology typically works up to about 30 feet (10 meters).

A research critique evaluates both strengths and weaknesses to assess overall study quality and validity.

Delayed stress reaction (like burnout or PTSD) can emerge months after a traumatic event like disaster work.

Instrumental ADLs (e.g., managing finances, shopping, meal preparation) deficits are often addressed by a social worker, who can connect the family to community resources.