Public Health Pre-Weeding Test 1 (Paper 1)

Newborns not needing resuscitation are typically term, breathing/crying, and have good muscle tone.

Informed consent is not a required component of a restraint order. Essential components include the reason, type, duration, and client behaviors.

The six rights of supply chain are: right product, quantity, condition, place, time, and cost. “Right customers” is not one of them.

RAM is primary/volatile memory; secondary storage includes non-volatile devices like disks and flash drives.

Combining multiple service delivery points, community health workers, and out-of-clinic distribution increases family planning accessibility and acceptability.

Pregnancy medication categories C, D, and X indicate increasing risk; categories D and X are contraindicated, and C requires caution.

Combining multiple service delivery points, community health workers, and out-of-clinic distribution increases family planning accessibility and acceptability.

www = World Wide Web, the system of interlinked hypertext documents on the internet.

In a suspected transfusion reaction, the immediate action is to stop the transfusion to prevent further harm while monitoring the client.

Pneumothorax (collapsed lung) is a potential immediate complication after thoracentesis due to accidental puncture of the lung.

Cancer prevention policies include screening and early detection/treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality.

The CPU (Central Processing Unit) performs arithmetic, logic, and data comparison operations.

LCD = Liquid Crystal Display, a flat-panel screen technology.

Bioavailability is the fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation after administration.

Establishing trust and a therapeutic relationship is the first step in de-escalation and violence prevention, before considering restrictive interventions.

A history of childhood abuse in one partner is a strong risk factor for domestic violence, especially during pregnancy when stress and vulnerability increase.

Efficacy is the maximum response a drug can produce, regardless of dose.

A byte is typically 8 bits (binary digits).

Combined oral contraceptives (containing estrogen) are not recommended for breastfeeding women before 6 months postpartum due to potential milk supply reduction.

Providing privacy creates a safe, confidential environment, which is a therapeutic communication technique that builds trust.

Photographing residents requires informed consent to protect privacy and autonomy, even in social settings.

Effective disaster management relies heavily on pre-disaster planning and preparedness.

Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

The second dose of penicillin can lead to distributive shock.

Using a bedsheet as a restraint is illegal (false imprisonment) and a crime, not a safety measure.

The Access Framework components are Availability, Accessibility, Affordability, and Acceptability. Quality Assurance is not one of them.

Advocating for healthcare accessibility through political organization is a form of client advocacy at the community/policy level.

Case managers ensure clients receive appropriate level of care to meet clinical needs and reimbursement criteria.

The five Rights of Supervision are: Right task, Right circumstances, Right person, Right direction/communication, and Right supervision/feedback.

Duodenal ulcer patients often hypersecrete gastric acid.

Hyperkalemia is a risk in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) due to potassium shifting out of cells and impaired renal excretion.

Research questions are directly derived from and operationalize the research objectives.

Bowel pattern assessment includes consistency, color, amount, and frequency.

Exposure to toxins and mold post-disaster is an environmental health consequence.

Elevating the head of bed to at least 30 degrees during tube feeding reduces aspiration risk.

Contraceptive implants contain only progestin, making them safe for breastfeeding as estrogen can reduce milk supply.

Purposive sampling involves selecting participants based on specific characteristics relevant to the study.

A second nurse is required to verify patient identity, blood product, and compatibility before administering blood (double-check procedure).

Longitudinal objective evaluation of time management is best done by collecting and analyzing outcome data over time, rather than one-time observations.

Adding whole meal flour may increase fiber and bulk without significantly increasing energy density, which is less effective for appetite stimulation in older adults.

CD-RW stands for Compact Disc Rewritable, a reusable optical storage medium.

Behavioral psychotherapy, such as systematic desensitization or exposure therapy, is most effective for treating phobias by modifying maladaptive behaviors.

The prodromal stage is characterized by early, nonspecific symptoms like malaise, fatigue, and mild fever before specific symptoms appear.

Informed consent is grounded in the principle of self-determination (autonomy), respecting the client’s right to make decisions.

Systematic sampling is a probability sampling method, not a nonprobability technique.

Ortho-toluidine test measures free and combined chlorine in water.

A simulation is a study designed to imitate or replicate real-world processes or systems.

During group forming, accommodating others helps reduce conflict and build cohesion.

Ethics education should cover current bioethical issues, such as genetic engineering, to make content relevant.

URL = Uniform Resource Locator, the unique address of a resource on the internet.

Typhoid is water-borne (fecal-oral), not water-washed (hygiene-related).

Medication reconciliation aims to prevent drug interactions and errors by comparing current and new medications.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of burn wound infections.

For gastric lavage in adults, 200-300 mL of irrigant is typically instilled per cycle; 250 mL is a standard amount.

Stopping the IV flow immediately removes the allergen and prevents further reaction. This is the first priority in anaphylaxis.

The six rights of supply chain are: right product, quantity, condition, place, time, and cost. “Right consumer” is not one of them.

Culture media are typically sterilized by autoclaving (moist heat under pressure).

The motherboard is the main circuit board connecting all internal components.

Episiotomy extension is an unexpected complication of a forceps delivery, making it a nursing diagnosis reflecting an adverse therapy response.

A research topic should indicate location, participants, and variables, but objectives are detailed separately in the proposal.

Trypsin (from pancreas) breaks down proteins into amino acids in the small intestine.

Pericoronal abscess occurs around a partially erupted tooth, often wisdom teeth.

Sudden pain relief followed by severe pain suggests rupture (peritonitis).

During TPN tubing changes, the client should perform the Valsalva maneuver (or hold breath) to increase intrathoracic pressure and reduce the risk of air embolism.

Descriptive studies describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon (who, what, when, where, how much) without establishing causality.

Current CPR guidelines recommend a compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2 for adults.

The dependent variable is the outcome or response that the researcher measures and analyzes.

Variable interactions can be symmetrical (mutual influence), reciprocal (two-way causal), or asymmetrical (one-way causal).

Superior vena cava syndrome involves compression or obstruction of the superior vena cava (a major vein), often by tumor, leading to facial/upper body edema.

In IMCI classification, “No pneumonia: cough or cold” is coded green (home care).

Acute pain is the priority nursing diagnosis in peptic ulcer disease.

AEDs are designed for public use with voice prompts and automated analysis, allowing people without healthcare training to use them effectively.

A prosthetist designs, fits, and adjusts artificial limbs (prosthetics) for clients after amputation.

A computer virus is malicious software (malware) that replicates and infects files/programs.

Recovery efforts focus on restoring essential services and reconnecting displaced populations.

Teaching the wife about Alzheimer’s progression and promoting the husband’s independence helps maintain his dignity and prevents caregiver burnout, while acknowledging her limitations.

Standard Days Method (using CycleBeads) requires regular menstrual cycles between 26 and 32 days.

IUDs, Depo-Provera injections, and combined oral contraceptives can all cause changes in menstrual bleeding patterns.

Lifestyle choices, such as diet, exercise, and smoking, are modifiable risk factors. Genetic predisposition and high-risk behaviors are less directly correctable.

Facebook is a social media platform, not a web browser (e.g., Firefox, Chrome, Safari are browsers).

Copper ions in Copper-T IUD have spermicidal effects, preventing fertilization.

Immediate assessment of the client after an accident is the first priority to determine injuries and necessary care before notification or intervention.

Utilitarianism focuses on ethical outcomes (ends), whereas deontology focuses on ethical means.

Psychological dependence (cravings, emotional reliance) is described when the client continues use to avoid negative emotional states, not just physical withdrawal.

Madeleine Leininger’s Theory of Cultural Care focuses on transcultural nursing and culturally congruent care.

Standard adult CPR compression-to-ventilation ratio is 30:2.

ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange, representing characters as numerical values.

Agonists bind to receptors and induce a conformational change, triggering a biological response.

Forecasting, financing, and procurement are all essential capacities for achieving contraceptive security.

A 27-year-old sedated male client is at greatest risk for falls due to sedation impairing mobility and awareness.

LAN (Local Area Network) is used for internal communication within a limited area like an institution.

Dissociation is a defense mechanism involving detachment from self, reality, or identity, often seen in severe stress or trauma.

Veracity (truthfulness) in nursing involves fully and honestly answering client questions without withholding information.

The vastus lateralis muscle is the preferred IM site for neonates and infants due to its size and absence of major nerves/blood vessels.

The Rinne test compares air conduction vs. bone conduction to assess hearing and differentiate conductive from sensorineural hearing loss.

The nurse’s role in informed consent is to witness the client’s signature, not to obtain consent or explain the procedure.

Hemolysis prevention involves correct typing, cross-matching, and verifying ABO compatibility before transfusion.

Data security breaches in healthcare are most often committed by internal staff, not external hackers.

Physical therapists assess and treat gait impairments, balance, and mobility to reduce fall risk.

Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium causing cholera, was discovered by Robert Koch in 1884.

Intestinal inflammation is not a common complication of hepatitis.

Leprosy spreads via respiratory droplets.

Intussusception is a telescoping of one segment of intestine into an adjacent segment, often seen in infants.

For choking, initial first aid is five back blows between the shoulder blades to dislodge the obstruction.

Aspergillus species pose a serious fungal infection risk in immunocompromised patients like bone marrow transplant recipients.

Reproductive health commodity security means individuals can choose, obtain, and use quality essential reproductive health products when needed.

Mesosomes in bacteria are involved in respiration, cell division, and sporulation.

Mail merge allows creating multiple personalized documents (like letters) from a single template and a data source.

A monitor is an output device; input devices send data to a computer.

Multimedia integrates multiple content forms like text, audio, images, animation, and video.

Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy due to theoretical risk to the fetus.

Hard disk tracks are subdivided into sectors (the smallest storage unit).

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek is often called the “Father of Microbiology” for his early microscopic observations.

The Schick test is used to determine immunity to diphtheria.

1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 Megabytes (MB) in binary systems.

Preschool children (ages 3-6) are in Erikson’s initiative vs. guilt stage, where initiative is a key developmental task.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the primary component that processes data and controls peripherals.

Antibiotics and antacids are not typically associated with constipation; others listed can cause it.

McBurney’s point, located in the right lower quadrant, is tender in appendicitis.

The background of the study is typically written first to establish context before problem statement, literature review, etc.

Spreading the legs apart during a transfer is a correct application of body mechanics to widen the base of support and maintain stability. The preceptor should validate the nurse’s competency.

Petechiae (small pinpoint hemorrhages) are a classic sign of thrombocytopenia (low platelet count).

Symptomatic relief (like soothing throat) is not a primary treatment for severe pneumonia; antibiotics and supportive care are key.

Boerhaave syndrome is a full-thickness tear of the esophagus due to forceful vomiting.

Sublingual route provides systemic, not local, effects; it bypasses first-pass metabolism and allows rapid onset/termination.

Risk management primarily aims to reduce financial and legal liability, while performance improvement focuses on process and outcome enhancement.

Amylase breaks down starch into sugars.

In many African health facilities, auxiliary or non-clinical staff often handle supply chain tasks like inventory and distribution.

Chest pain and dyspnea in a client on TPN suggest a possible embolus (e.g., from catheter-related thrombus or air embolism), which is an emergency.

Emergencies are typically manageable by local emergency services; disasters exceed local capacity.

Tubal ligation (female) and vasectomy (male) are permanent sterilization methods.

Family is a subunit within a community, not a dimension of the community itself.

Reverse isolation (protective isolation) is used for immunocompromised patients (e.g., leukemia) to protect them from infections.

Programming errors are commonly called “bugs.”

Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) are characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae.

Instrumental ADLs (e.g., managing finances, shopping, meal preparation) deficits are often addressed by a social worker, who can connect the family to community resources.

The Copper-T380A IUD is effective for up to 12 years of continuous use.

A psychrometer measures relative humidity using wet and dry bulb thermometers.

Bluetooth short-range wireless technology typically works up to about 30 feet (10 meters).

Projective techniques (e.g., word association, picture interpretation) uncover subconscious or hidden thoughts/feelings.

Lead is toxic and accumulates, causing neurological and developmental harm.

DNS = Domain Name System, translating domain names to IP addresses.

Ferrous sulfate (iron) is given via the Z-track technique to prevent staining and ensure intramuscular delivery into the muscle.

Pain management (analgesics, hydration, oxygenation) is a primary intervention during a sickle cell crisis to relieve severe pain from vaso-occlusion.

Genetic factors, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity are major modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

A comprehensive health assessment includes a complete medical history, a general survey, and a complete head-to-toe physical assessment.

Laboratory studies are conducted in controlled, artificial settings that do not replicate real-world environmental conditions.

Acute bacterial parotitis in children is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Inability to breastfeed/drink plus chest indrawing indicates severe pneumonia (or very severe disease) per IMCI guidelines.

Extravasation (vesicant leakage into tissue) intervention includes aspirating any blood/fluid from the IV cannula before removal to assess placement and minimize tissue damage.

A system variance refers to a problem or failure within the healthcare system’s processes, such as inadequate supplies or equipment.

Women, children, and the elderly are often more vulnerable due to social, economic, and physical factors.

Fetal station is correctly defined as the level of the fetus’s presenting part in relationship to the mother’s ischial spines.

Placebo effects arise from psychological factors like patient-provider relationship, therapeutic setting, and expectations.

Slander is oral defamation; libel is written. Assault is threat of harm; battery is actual physical contact.

Population is the complete set of all elements (people, items) sharing characteristics of interest to the researcher.

Chronic sialadenitis with intractable pain may require surgical intervention (drainage or excision).

Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires Hepatitis B coinfection.

John Snow is considered the father of public health for his work on cholera transmission.

A chemical restraint is defined as a drug used for discipline or convenience, not to treat medical symptoms.

Standard keyboards typically have at least 101 keys (including function, numeric, and control keys).

Education and training on all pieces of equipment are essential to ensure staff can use medical equipment safely and properly.

Rubella is commonly called German measles.

In many African health facilities, pharmacy technicians or equivalent staff often handle supply chain tasks.

Superchlorination (high-dose) followed by dechlorination treats heavily polluted water.

For a comatose, end-of-life client, the priority outcome is comfort: remaining free of pain and distress. Aggressive interventions like enemas or antiemetics are not appropriate.

Short interpregnancy intervals (<18 months) are associated with increased risks of low birth weight and preterm birth.

Microsoft Office is an application suite, not a programming language.

The ABCD nutritional assessment includes Anthropometric, Biochemical, Clinical, and Dietary data.

Bile emulsifies fats, increasing surface area for lipase action.

A computer is an electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes both qualitative and quantitative data.

In Standard Days Method (SDM) using CycleBeads, menstruation before reaching the dark brown bead indicates a cycle shorter than 26 days, requiring provider consultation.

SARS = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.

A research critique evaluates both strengths and weaknesses to assess overall study quality and validity.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is the primary disinfecting agent from chlorine.

Immediate nursing action for transfusion reaction is to stop transfusion and monitor vitals to ensure stability before further steps.

RAM is volatile temporary memory, not permanent storage like a hard disk.

Blood type B negative has A agglutinins (antibodies) and lacks the Rh factor. Therefore, the client can receive B- or O- blood, but not A or AB.

Operating system (OS) manages hardware/software resources and provides user interface.

For wheezing with fast breathing or chest indrawing, a trial of inhaled bronchodilator is indicated to assess reversibility before referral.

Initial choking response: five back blows between shoulder blades to clear airway.

Rapid sand filters require frequent backwashing to clean the filter bed.

Progestin-only injectables (like Depo-Provera) are considered safe for breastfeeding women starting at 6 weeks postpartum.

Sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is recommended for surface disinfection against coronaviruses.

Physical inactivity, alcohol, and tobacco are major behavioral risk factors for NCDs.

TB co-infection accelerates HIV disease progression by increasing viral load and weakening immunity.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is most commonly caused by sexually transmitted bacteria like Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis.

Experimental studies, through manipulation, control, and randomization, are designed to establish cause-effect relationships.

The “Ten Rights” typically include Right patient, medication, dose, route, time, documentation, education, assessment, evaluation, and refusal. “Right verification” is not a standard listed right.

A therapeutic milieu is a structured, consistent environment designed to support healing and promote psychological and physical health.

bit = binary digit, the smallest unit of data (0 or 1) in computing.

Intrauterine devices (IUDs), particularly copper IUDs, commonly cause heavier or irregular menstrual bleeding.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer.

Coliform bacteria indicate fecal contamination; others listed are also fecal indicators.

Data refers to the raw information (e.g., responses, measurements) collected from study participants.

During abdominal assessment, deep palpation is performed last to avoid altering findings from earlier steps (inspection, auscultation, percussion, light palpation).