60 MCQs in Nutrition and Dietetics (Part 6)

Welcome to 60 MCQs in Nutrition and Dietetics (Part 6), curated from various interesting topics in Nutrition

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This test has 63 questions in its bank. The test covers Hypertension and Diabetes.

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1 / 63

1. A hypertensive diabetic patient should prioritize:

A. Saturated fat >30% of calories

B. Avoidance of all vegetables

C. Sodium restriction to 1.2g/day

D. High-glycemic index foods

2 / 63

2. ACE inhibitors may require dietary restriction of:

A. Calcium supplements

B. Vitamin K sources

C. High-fiber meals

D. Potassium-rich foods

3 / 63

3. Traditional Nigerian diets may require modification to:

A. Double salt addition during cooking

B. Increase processed meat consumption

C. Reduce palm oil and smoked fish

D. Eliminate all fruits

4 / 63

4. Sodium restriction (<2,300 mg/day) in diabetic hypertensives prevents:

A. Hypoglycemia

B. Protein-energy wasting

C. Vitamin K deficiency

D. Fluid overload and stroke

5 / 63

5. EPA/DHA from oily fish reduces diabetic complications by:

A. Lowering triglycerides and anti-inflammatory effects

B. Reducing HDL cholesterol

C. Increasing blood viscosity

D. Promoting hyperglycemia

6 / 63

6. Which local food combination provides balanced glycemic control?

A. Processed meat + refined pap

B. White rice + fried plantains

C. Sugarcane juice + puff-puff

D. Brown rice + fish + vegetables

7 / 63

7. Traditional Nigerian diets can be modified for diabetes by:

A. Increasing palm oil consumption

B. Prioritizing processed cassava products

C. Replacing agidi (high-GI maize) with moi-moi (low-GI beans)

D. Avoiding all legumes

8 / 63

8. Young adults should prioritize which sustainable dietary change?

A. Weekly fast-food meals

B. Large portion sizes

C. Meal prepping with whole foods

D. Daily sugary snacks

9 / 63

9. For obese type 2 diabetics, =5% weight loss primarily improves:

A. Hepatic steatosis and insulin sensitivity

B. Vitamin D synthesis

C. Gastric emptying rate

D. Bone mineral density

10 / 63

10. Replacing saturated fats with MUFAs improves glycemic control by:

A. Decreasing LDL oxidation and endothelial inflammation

B. Increasing glucagon secretion

C. Reducing pancreatic beta-cell proliferation

D. Inhibiting GLUT4 transporters

11 / 63

11. High dietary fat impairs glucose metabolism by:

A. Upregulating insulin receptor expression

B. Causing mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance

C. Increasing hepatic glycogen synthesis

D. Enhancing adiponectin secretion

12 / 63

12. A diabetic patient’s postprandial walk helps by:

A. Reducing pancreatic beta-cell mass

B. Blocking intestinal carb absorption

C. Enhancing muscle glucose uptake independent of insulin

D. Increasing insulin secretion

13 / 63

13. Retrogradation of starchy foods reduces glycemic response by:

A. Removing all fiber

B. Converting digestible starch to resistant starch

C. Increasing amylopectin content

D. Adding simple sugars

14 / 63

14. Alcohol provides 7 kcal/g but is non-essential.

A. True

B. False

15 / 63

15. All carbohydrates raise blood glucose equally.

A. True

B. False

16 / 63

16. A patient taking rapid-acting insulin before meals should:

A. Count carbs for dose adjustment

B. Double protein intake

C. Avoid all fats

D. Skip carbohydrates

17 / 63

17. A type 2 diabetic with BMI 32 should prioritize:

A. Unlimited fruit juice

B. High-protein, low-carb diet

C. Trans-fat consumption

D. Modest weight loss (5-10%)

18 / 63

18. Akara (beans) has a low GI due to its:

A. High fiber and protein

B. Added sugars

C. Saturated fats

D. Refined flour content

19 / 63

19. Which is an NCD-Protect food?

A. Whole grain oats

B. Soft drinks

C. Processed meat

D. Deep-fried snacks

20 / 63

20. Oily fish is recommended =2x/week for its:

A. Saturated fats

B. Iron concentration

C. High glycemic load

D. EPA/DHA content

21 / 63

21. A diabetic with hypertension should limit sodium to:

A. <3,500 mg/day

B. No restriction

C. <1,500 mg/day

D. <2,300 mg/day

22 / 63

22. Exercise benefits diabetics by:

A. Increasing insulin resistance

B. Promoting hyperglycemia

C. Reducing HDL cholesterol

D. Enhancing insulin sensitivity

23 / 63

23. Minimum weekly aerobic exercise for diabetics is:

A. 300 minutes

B. No requirement

C. 150 minutes

D. 60 minutes

24 / 63

24. Fiber improves glucose control by:

A. Blocking insulin receptors

B. Speeding gastric emptying

C. Delaying carbohydrate absorption

D. Increasing pancreatic beta cells

25 / 63

25. Daily fiber intake for optimal glycemic control is:

A. 10-15g

B. 60-80g

C. >100g

D. 30-50g

26 / 63

26. Second meal effect refers to:

A. Delayed hypoglycemia from morning insulin

B. Increased insulin sensitivity following physical activity

C. Enhanced satiety from protein-rich breakfast

D. Reduced postprandial glucose after a high-fiber meal

27 / 63

27. Glycemic load (GL) is calculated by:

28 / 63

28. Which food has the LOWEST glycemic index?

A. Yam flour (GI 49)

B. Cassava fufu (GI 84)

C. White rice (GI 95)

D. Agidi (GI 92)

29 / 63

29. Recommended carbohydrate intake for diabetics is:

A. 45-65% of total calories

B. 70-80% of total calories

C. 20-30% of total calories

D. <10% of total calories

30 / 63

30. HbA1c =6.5% indicates:

A. Diabetes

B. Hypoglycemia

C. Normal glucose tolerance

D. Prediabetes

31 / 63

31. A random plasma glucose of 210 mg/dL with polyuria confirms:

A. Prediabetes

B. Type 1 diabetes

C. Gestational diabetes

D. Diabetes mellitus

32 / 63

32. Insulin resistance refers to:

A. Inability of cells to respond to insulin

B. Excessive glucose excretion in urine

C. Overproduction of insulin by the pancreas

D. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells

33 / 63

33. Diagnosis of diabetes requires fasting blood glucose =:

A. 140 mg/dL

B. 126 mg/dL

C. 100 mg/dL

D. 200 mg/dL

34 / 63

34. Which lifestyle change reduces BP AND LDL simultaneously?

A. Aerobic exercise

B. Sedentary behavior

C. Increased alcohol consumption

D. High-sodium diet

35 / 63

35. For stress-related hypertension, which non-dietary intervention is MOST effective?

A. High-intensity interval training

B. Mindfulness meditation

C. Increased caffeine intake

D. Smoking cessation

36 / 63

36. NSAID use in hypertensive patients may worsen BP by:

A. Promoting sodium retention

B. Inhibiting insulin secretion

C. Blocking potassium channels

D. Destroying vascular endothelium

37 / 63

37. A patient on thiazide diuretics should increase dietary:

A. Iron

B. Potassium

C. Vitamin C

D. Sodium

38 / 63

38. Hypertension management in African populations often requires stricter sodium limits due to:

A. Lower potassium intake

B. Genetic resistance to diuretics

C. Increased calcium absorption

D. Higher prevalence of sodium sensitivity

39 / 63

39. Why are postmenopausal women at increased hypertension risk?

A. Increased HDL cholesterol

B. Automatic sodium restriction

C. Loss of estrogen's vasoprotective effects

D. Excessive potassium secretion

40 / 63

40. Which hypertensive complication results from excessive vascular pressure in cerebral arteries?

A. Glaucoma

B. Pancreatitis

C. Hemorrhagic stroke

D. Osteoporosis

41 / 63

41. Chronic hypertension damages arteries primarily by:

A. Causing enzymatic digestion of vessel walls

B. Increasing capillary permeability only

C. Promoting endothelial dysfunction and plaque buildup

D. Reducing heart rate variability

42 / 63

42. A patient with Stage 1 hypertension (135/85 mmHg) and diabetes should limit sodium to:

A. No restriction needed

B. 0.6g/day

C. 2.3g/day

D. 1.2g/day

43 / 63

43. Which DASH diet component specifically helps counteract sodium’s hypertensive effects?

A. Limited vegetable servings

B. High saturated fat content

C. Increased potassium intake

D. Added sugar provisions

44 / 63

44. Uncontrolled hypertension LEAST likely causes:

A. Stroke

B. Type 1 diabetes

C. Heart attack

D. Aneurysm

45 / 63

45. Which population has higher hypertension prevalence?

A. Pregnant women

B. Elite athletes

C. Males >45 years

D. Children <10 years

46 / 63

46. The DASH diet improves lipid profiles by:

A. Lowering HDL and raising trans fats

B. Eliminating all dietary fats

C. Reducing LDL and raising HDL

D. Increasing LDL and triglycerides

47 / 63

47. How many fruit/vegetable servings does DASH recommend daily?

A. 7-10

B. At least 5

C. 2-3

D. Unlimited

48 / 63

48. Normal diastolic BP range is:

A. 90-110 mmHg

B. 70-90 mmHg

C. 40-60 mmHg

D. 60-70 mmHg

49 / 63

49. Hypertensive crisis requires systolic BP >180 mmHg AND diastolic >120 mmHg.

A. True

B. False

50 / 63

50. A patient with hypertensive crisis (BP 190/118 mmHg) and chest pain requires:

A. Immediate IV antihypertensives

B. Bed rest only

C. High-fat diet

D. Double sodium intake

51 / 63

51. A 55-year-old obese male with BP 148/92 mmHg should FIRST be advised to:

A. Increase alcohol consumption

B. Reduce weight and restrict sodium

C. Avoid all physical activity

D. Start beta-blockers

52 / 63

52. Which mineral’s intake should be increased to lower BP?

A. Potassium

B. Iron

C. Zinc

D. Sodium

53 / 63

53. To manage hypertension, saturated fats should be replaced with:

A. Animal proteins

B. Monounsaturated fats

C. Trans fats

D. Refined carbohydrates

54 / 63

54. Which exercise reduces diastolic BP by 15-20mmHg independently of weight loss?

A. Jogging

B. Yoga

C. Weightlifting

D. Swimming

55 / 63

55. A “moderately low sodium diet” restricts sodium to:

A. 3.5g (150mmol)

B. 0.6g (25mmol)

C. 2.3g (100mmol)

D. 1.2g (50mmol)

56 / 63

56. The DASH diet emphasizes increased intake of:

A. Fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy

B. Red meat and dairy fats

C. Sodium-rich processed foods

D. Refined grains and sugars

57 / 63

57. Which symptom is LEAST likely in hypertension?

A. Vision problems

B. Blood in urine

C. Joint swelling

D. Severe headache

58 / 63

58. A BP reading of 178/102 mmHg would be classified as:

A. Stage 2 hypertension

B. Prehypertension

C. Hypertensive crisis

D. Stage 1 hypertension

59 / 63

59. Which modifiable risk factor directly promotes insulin resistance?

A. Aging

B. Obesity

C. Male sex

D. Family history

60 / 63

60. Secondary hypertension may be caused by all EXCEPT:

A. Thyroid tumors

B. Regular aerobic exercise

C. Kidney disease

D. Birth control pills

61 / 63

61. Essential hypertension accounts for what percentage of cases?

A. 95%

B. 90%

C. 75%

D. 50%

62 / 63

62. Which organ damage is NOT typically caused by uncontrolled hypertension?

A. Liver cirrhosis

B. Renal failure

C. Heart failure

D. Stroke

63 / 63

63. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure =:

A. 120/80 mmHg

B. 140/90 mmHg

C. 150/95 mmHg

D. 130/85 mmHg

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