OAU ODL BNSC Entrance Exam Mock Test

WHO recommends IPTp-SP (Intermittent Preventive Treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine) + ITNs for malaria prevention in pregnancy.

Newborns have low vitamin K levels, so intramuscular vitamin K prevents hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.

Foul-smelling discharge and severe pain suggest infection/abscess, requiring antibiotics and possible drainage.

Kangaroo care (skin-to-skin contact) improves thermoregulation, breastfeeding, and survival rates in preterm babies.

Penicillin G is the only recommended treatment for syphilis in pregnancy to prevent congenital transmission.

PICO formats clinical research questions systematically.

Participants must voluntarily agree to join after understanding risks/benefits.

This design compares outcomes before and after an intervention.

The independent variable is deliberately changed to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Stratified sampling divides the population into subgroups (strata) and samples proportionally from each.

Launched in 2021 by Zipline in Cross River State.

Part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 3.3).

Appointed in 2023 under President Tinubu’s administration.

A framework for analyzing causes of maternal mortality.

Achieved this milestone in 2019.

Aspen Pharmacare in SA began vaccine production in 2021.

The National Health Insurance Scheme launched in 1999 (now replaced by NHIA).

The World Health Organization declared it a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.

This World Bank-supported program targets reducing under-5 and maternal deaths.

Northern states like Sokoto have higher MMR due to limited healthcare access (NDHS 2023 data).

Vibrio cholerae’s enterotoxin causes massive fluid loss via cAMP activation.

Neutrophilia typically occurs in acute bacterial infections.

Emphysema in COPD involves irreversible alveolar damage reducing gas exchange.

Shingles (herpes zoster) appears as painful vesicles along nerve dermatomes.

Caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, presenting with red, bumpy tongue.

Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity involves IgE-mediated responses like anaphylaxis.

E. coli accounts for 70-95% of community-acquired UTIs.

TB infection forms caseating granulomas with central necrosis.

Rust-colored sputum is characteristic of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.

Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted through mosquito bites.

The nurse retains accountability for appropriate delegation.

Radiography is the gold standard for verifying tube position.

This standard orientation assessment evaluates basic awareness.

It evaluates eye, verbal, and motor responses to determine consciousness level.

This maintains sterility by avoiding contaminated areas.

Informed consent respects patient autonomy through full disclosure.

Patient advocacy involves protecting patients from potential harm.

Respiration is often measured after pulse to avoid the patient altering their breathing pattern.

This semi-upright position (45-90 degrees) maximizes lung expansion.

Therapeutic communication involves active listening and emotional support.

Care plans provide systematic, individualized patient care guidance.

Stage III ulcers extend through subcutaneous fat but not to muscle/bone.

The standard rights are patient, drug, dose, route, time, and documentation (color is not included).

Rectal temperatures most closely reflect core body temperature.

This is the normal range for healthy adults at rest (12-20 breaths per minute).

Subjective data comes directly from the patient’s description of symptoms.

Proper handwashing is the single most effective infection control measure.

Proper body mechanics involve using leg muscles to prevent back injury.

Non-maleficence means avoiding actions that could harm the patient.

Assessment involves collecting patient data before other steps can be taken.

Long-term phenytoin use can cause gum overgrowth and requires dental hygiene monitoring.

Epinephrine (adrenaline) is first-line for anaphylaxis due to its vasoconstrictive and bronchodilatory effects.

Furosemide (a loop diuretic) causes potassium loss, risking hypokalemia.

MMR contains live weakened viruses; contraindicated in immunocompromised patients.

Metformin commonly causes diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal pain.

Warfarin’s anticoagulant effect varies, requiring INR checks to adjust dosage.

Aminoglycosides like gentamicin can cause hearing loss and kidney damage.

ACE inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril) are often first-line for hypertension due to their protective effects on kidneys.

Naloxone reverses respiratory depression caused by opioid overdose.

Warfarin can cause fetal abnormalities (teratogenic), especially in the first trimester.

Pit latrines improve sanitation by providing proper waste disposal.

Open-heart surgery is a specialized procedure not included in primary health care.

MUAC (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference) tape is used for malnutrition screening.

ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) is used to manage diarrhea and prevent dehydration.

Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to malaria due to immune changes.

The Cold Chain maintains vaccine potency through temperature control.

Cholera is transmitted through fecal-oral contamination of water/food.

Active surveillance involves health workers seeking out cases through community visits.

BCG vaccine for tuberculosis is administered at birth in Nigeria.

Community health nursing focuses on population-level prevention and health promotion.

Uterine atony (poor uterine contraction) accounts for 70-80% of postpartum hemorrhage cases.

Condoms are the only contraceptive method that provides protection against STIs.

Preterm is defined as birth before 37 weeks gestation.

Maternal vaccination during pregnancy protects the newborn from tetanus.

Ovulation occurs around day 14 in a 28-day cycle.

WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life.

Hypertension + proteinuria after 20 weeks indicates preeclampsia.

Prolactin stimulates milk production, while oxytocin triggers the let-down reflex.

The Apgar score of 5 reflects moderate depression in the newborn.

The first stage of labor begins with contractions and ends when the cervix is fully dilated (10 cm).

Melena (black, tarry stools) suggests bleeding in the upper GI tract (e.g., stomach or duodenum), where blood is digested.

Low potassium (hypokalemia) causes muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias (flattened T waves, U waves).

Atelectasis (lung collapse) is prevented by incentive spirometry, ambulation, and deep breathing to expand alveoli.

DVT often presents with localized swelling, redness, and pain in one leg.

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes marked by extreme hyperglycemia and dehydration.

Inspiration is the act of breathing in.

The hypothalamus regulates body temperature and homeostasis.

Normal blood pH is 7.4 (slightly alkaline).

The liver produces bile for fat digestion.

The mitral valve is located between left atrium and left ventricle.

Vitamin D is synthesized in skin via sunlight.

Hemostasis is the process of blood clotting.

The axon is the neuron part transmitting signals away from the cell body.

Thyroxine is a thyroid hormone regulating metabolism.

Smooth muscle is involuntary muscle in organ walls.

The ear houses the stapes (smallest bone).

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood via vena cava.

Alveoli are tiny sacs in lungs for gas exchange.

Insulin secretion is a pancreatic function, not liver.

The pancreas produces insulin via beta cells in the islets of Langerhans.